Science and Technology Mapping in States of India
Kasturi Mandal & Anand Mohan Mishra
Science and technology have largely been the domains of Indian government since independence. Within the central government, there are under the ministries/departments, the lower-level agencies, and institutions involved in the science and technology infrastructure. In the 11th Five-year plan the chapter on “Science and Technology” has been renamed as “Innovation and Technology”. This section provides a range of S&T infrastructure spread across select states of India to highlight the growth of India’s S&T capacity in the figures that follow. The aim is to give the readers a quick glance across a broad set of S&T indicators, with trends or other multiple data points, wherever possible. The indicators covered are:
- Education, training and research and development
- Science and Engineering manpower
- S&T Expenditure
Data sources include Annual Report-2006-2007, Ministry of Labour and Employment (http://labour.nic.in/); Directory of R&D Institutes, DST (2006); India Yearbook, 2008; Manpower Profile, 2008; Census of India (2001); http://education.nic.in/stats/StateProfile0506.pdf and http://planningcomission.nic.in/plans/outbody.html
Table 1: State-wise distribution of centre/bodies of higher education in India over the years
States |
Universities |
Deemed to be Universities |
Colleges for General Education |
Inst. of National Importance |
||||||||||||||||
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andhra P |
18 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
16 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
1080 |
1197 |
1330 |
1340 |
1603 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Arunachal P |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Assam |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
298 |
309 |
317 |
317 |
348 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Bihar |
11 |
11 |
11 |
13 |
12 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
742 |
743 |
743 |
743 |
800 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Chhattisgarh |
4 |
9 |
9 |
5 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
213 |
213 |
213 |
213 |
334 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Delhi |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
8 |
8 |
10 |
10 |
59 |
63 |
63 |
63 |
68 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Goa |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
24 |
24 |
23 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Gujarat |
10 |
10 |
10 |
13 |
15 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
2 |
422 |
422 |
422 |
507 |
518 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Haryana |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
154 |
155 |
163 |
166 |
168 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Himachal P |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
65 |
69 |
69 |
89 |
95 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
J & K |
4 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
73 |
73 |
73 |
50 |
65 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Jharkhand |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
- |
132 |
146 |
117 |
113 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Karnataka |
13 |
13 |
13 |
15 |
16 |
3 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
916 |
923 |
930 |
930 |
930 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Kerala |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
186 |
186 |
186 |
186 |
189 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Madhya P |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
513 |
513 |
513 |
760 |
712 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Maharashtra |
19 |
19 |
19 |
20 |
20 |
9 |
13 |
13 |
16 |
20 |
1208 |
1208 |
1208 |
1208 |
1018 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Manipur |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
50 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
58 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Meghalaya |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
46 |
44 |
48 |
54 |
54 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Mizoram |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
30 |
27 |
26 |
26 |
26 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Nagaland |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
34 |
35 |
36 |
37 |
41 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Orissa |
8 |
8 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
567 |
567 |
567 |
700 |
702 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Punjab |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
205 |
209 |
209 |
212 |
232 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Rajasthan |
9 |
9 |
9 |
12 |
12 |
4 |
6 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
267 |
334 |
456 |
611 |
751 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Sikkim |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Tamil Nadu |
15 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
17 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
16 |
16 |
426 |
478 |
441 |
445 |
693 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Tripura |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Uttaranchal |
6 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
47 |
47 |
86 |
87 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
U P |
19 |
22 |
22 |
25 |
24 |
8 |
7 |
7 |
8 |
8 |
758 |
733 |
733 |
1009 |
1637 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
West Bengal |
14 |
14 |
14 |
16 |
16 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
354 |
354 |
354 |
374 |
374 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
Union Territory |
||||||||||||||||||||
Andaman & Nicobar |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Chandigarh |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
12 |
11 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Daman & Diu |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Pondicherry |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Source: http://education.nic.in/stats/StateProfile0506.pdf
Table 2: Distribution of research institutes and institutes imparting engineering & medical education in India over the years across states
States |
Research Institutes |
Engg, Tech & Arch Collages |
Medical Colleges (Allo/Ayur/Homeo/Unani) |
||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andhra P |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
67 |
164 |
222 |
238 |
261 |
278 |
29 |
30 |
53 |
53 |
311 |
Arunachal P |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Assam |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
Bihar |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
8 |
9 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
10 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
23 |
28 |
Chhattisgarh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
16 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
20 |
Delhi |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
18 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
20 |
18 |
18 |
18 |
15 |
24 |
Goa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
9 |
9 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
Gujarat |
16 |
16 |
16 |
17 |
32 |
29 |
31 |
32 |
44 |
45 |
41 |
41 |
41 |
57 |
52 |
Haryana |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
29 |
28 |
41 |
41 |
69 |
45 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
8 |
35 |
Himachal P |
3 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
13 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
6 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
7 |
12 |
J & K |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
6 |
Jharkhand |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
20 |
- |
2 |
5 |
5 |
11 |
- |
4 |
8 |
8 |
7 |
Karnataka |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
76 |
112 |
116 |
120 |
120 |
134 |
172 |
172 |
172 |
172 |
423 |
Kerala |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
35 |
43 |
66 |
66 |
66 |
99 |
23 |
40 |
40 |
40 |
125 |
Madhya P |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
24 |
30 |
30 |
56 |
60 |
74 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
28 |
97 |
Maharashtra |
19 |
19 |
21 |
54 |
83 |
167 |
167 |
177 |
177 |
193 |
116 |
116 |
116 |
116 |
345 |
Manipur |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Meghalaya |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Mizoram |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Nagaland |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Orissa |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
25 |
19 |
19 |
19 |
37 |
45 |
16 |
16 |
16 |
30 |
58 |
Punjab |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
16 |
16 |
27 |
53 |
34 |
44 |
42 |
49 |
61 |
Rajasthan |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
29 |
7 |
7 |
39 |
39 |
50 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
24 |
34 |
Sikkim |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
Tamil Nadu |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
56 |
96 |
96 |
96 |
222 |
269 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
97 |
198 |
Tripura |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
3 |
Uttaranchal |
0 |
0 |
0 |
11 |
24 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
12 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
20 |
Uttar P |
10 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
73 |
34 |
69 |
69 |
69 |
114 |
34 |
34 |
34 |
34 |
93 |
West Bengal |
11 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
64 |
43 |
43 |
43 |
54 |
60 |
19 |
19 |
19 |
19 |
68 |
Union Territory |
|||||||||||||||
Andaman & Nicobar |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Chandigarh |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
Daman & Diu |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Pondicherry |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
0 |
6 |
9 |
Source: http://education.nic.in/stats/StateProfile0506.pdf
Table 3: Research and Development Institutes across the states
States |
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS |
|||||
Central |
State |
University |
Industry |
Total |
||
Public |
Private |
|||||
Andhra Pradesh |
53 |
74 |
22 |
14 |
175 |
338 |
Arunachal Pradesh |
4 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
Assam |
15 |
23 |
6 |
1 |
8 |
53 |
Bihar |
8 |
28 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
48 |
Delhi |
85 |
0 |
16 |
9 |
211 |
321 |
Goa |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
10 |
15 |
Gujarat |
27 |
75 |
15 |
5 |
151 |
273 |
Haryana |
22 |
22 |
5 |
7 |
51 |
107 |
Himachal Pradesh |
13 |
40 |
3 |
0 |
5 |
61 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
7 |
19 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
32 |
Jharkhand |
10 |
9 |
5 |
10 |
5 |
39 |
Karnataka |
68 |
39 |
17 |
8 |
179 |
311 |
Kerala |
29 |
59 |
7 |
6 |
38 |
139 |
Madhya Pradesh |
23 |
50 |
16 |
1 |
25 |
115 |
Maharashtra |
70 |
109 |
31 |
13 |
612 |
835 |
Manipur |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
Meghalaya |
5 |
7 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
Mizoram |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Nagaland |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Orissa |
24 |
31 |
9 |
1 |
6 |
71 |
Punjab |
10 |
19 |
6 |
1 |
41 |
77 |
Rajasthan |
26 |
23 |
16 |
3 |
35 |
103 |
Sikkim |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
Tamil Nadu |
49 |
89 |
31 |
|||